Emerging Technologies in Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges for Future Perspective in Nigeria

Abstract

The rapid evolution of emerging technologies is reshaping global agriculture, transitioning it from traditional
practices to data-driven, technology-enabled systems. Tools such as artificial intelligence, the internet
of things, robotics, blockchain, drones, and biotechnology are enhancing precision farming, resource
optimization, and sustainability. These innovations not only improve productivity but also contribute to food
security, climate resilience, and economic transformation. However, challenges such as high costs, poor
infrastructure, limited digital literacy, and inadequate policy frameworks constrain adoption, particularly
in developing countries like Nigeria, where smallholder farmers dominate. This review highlights the
opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives of emerging technologies in agriculture, emphasizing
their role in strengthening food systems, supporting rural development, and ensuring sustainable practices.
It suggests that deliberate investments in research, training, infrastructure, and regulatory reforms are
essential for Nigeria and other developing nations to harness these technologies for inclusive growth and
food security.