Pastia Characteristics and Improved Use Efficiency

Abstract

The article deals with the elimination of existing problems in pastures (overgrazing, erosion of biodiversity, decrease in soil fertility and soil erosion, decrease in the content of organic matter in the soil and CO2 emissions, salinization and alkalization of the soil, etc.) and their multifunctional features that have special meaning: (1) Pastures are a supplier of many agricultural products. (2) Protects soil fertility and biodiversity. (3) Protects the soil from wind and water erosion. (4) Has a good potential for storing carbon dioxide in the soil compared to arable land and forests. (5) Has a positive effect on the restoration of groundwater levels. (6) Has a protective effect on maintaining water quality and positively affects water infiltration. (7) Represents an esthetically pleasing landscape and provides excellent opportunities for recreation, open space, and existing problems. (8) Dormant – vegetative and to some extent seed propagation of native species. (9) Soil softening – germination of seeds of annual, perennial grasses, and shrubs. (10) Slopes – conversion of arable land into permanent pastures. (11) Inclusion of temporary pastures in crop rotation. (12) Increase feed production – support the production of meat, milk, wool, etc. Considering that pastures support the rural economy and are a source of livelihood for the population, restoration and protection of pastures (rest, surface mitigation, surface and capital improvement, creation of temporary pastures, conversion of arable land on slopes to pastures, etc.) are relevant and of particular importance. The Action Plan of the “State Program approved by Presidential Decree No. 222 of May 22, 2004” and the “Strategic Roadmap for the Production and Processing of Agricultural Products in the Republic of Azerbaijan” approved by Decree No. 1138 of December 6, 2016 As a result, this is a contribution to the Sustainable Food Program security in the country. Based on the foregoing, taking into account the relevance and particular importance of the issue, we decided to determine the efficiency of use (increase in productivity and quality, etc.) by conducting scientific and experimental research on measures to improve unproductive pastures in Guba district, and in 2021 on the pastures of the Guba region, scientific and experimental studies were carried out. As a result of experimental studies on the experimental field (Control), the average yield was 26.6 c/ha, green mass or 6.8 c/ha of dry grass, (without fertilizers) sowing grass seeds, and other options per hectare. More and more diverse. Compared with the (control) variant and sowing grass seeds + in the H60P60K40 variant, this indicator averaged 39.9 sen/ha of green mass, or 13.3 sen/ha, or 15.0% more than green mass, or 10.0 centners of dry grass, or 3.2 sen/ha, or 14.7% more, turning into dry grass. In each of the tested options, the quality of the produced feed (green mass or dry grass, nutritional value, and digestibility) was higher than in the control variant compared to the control variant. It is characterized by a large accumulation of vitamins and minerals that are important for the animal’s body (increased productivity per hectare, improved feed quality, and digestibility). This resulted in lower labor costs, reduced feed consumption per unit of production, and
increased economic efficiency.